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Official Name	Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
Common Name	Venezuela
ISO Codes	VE, VEN, 862
Internet TLD	.ve
Calling Code	+58
Capital City	Caracas
Largest City	Caracas
Coordinates	10.5° N, 66.9° W
Time Zone	UTC−4
Population (2025 est.)	~29 million
Area	916,445 km²
Population Density	~32 per km²
Languages	Spanish (official), Indigenous languages
Currency	Venezuelan Bolívar (VES)
Driving Side	Right
GDP (Nominal)	~USD 110+ billion
GDP (PPP)	~USD 200+ billion
GDP Per Capita	~USD 3,500+
HDI	0.711 (High)
Literacy Rate	~97%
Life Expectancy	~73 years
Unemployment	High; varies widely by source
Inflation	Among the highest globally in recent years
Leaders	President & Ministries (names omitted for longevity)
Continent & Subregion	South America — Caribbean & Andean region
National Day	5 July (Independence Day)
National Sport	Baseball
National Dish	Arepa
National Anthem	Gloria al Bravo Pueblo

Located on the northern coast of South America, bordering Colombia, Brazil, Guyana, and the Caribbean Sea.
Geographical regions include the Andes Mountains, Llanos grasslands, Guiana Highlands, Caribbean coastline, and Amazon rainforest.
Major features: Angel Falls (world’s highest waterfall), Orinoco River, Lake Maracaibo.
Climate: tropical and varied—hot lowlands, cooler highlands, rainy Amazon regions.
Best time to visit: December–April (dry season).
National parks: Canaima, Morrocoy, Henri Pittier, Sierra Nevada.
Wildlife includes jaguars, capybaras, anacondas, pink dolphins, toucans, and diverse marine life.
Environmental challenges: deforestation, water pollution, mining-related degradation, oil spills.
Unique feature: Tepui plateau formations, including Mount Roraima.

Population: ~29 million.
Median age: ~30 years.
Urban population: ~88%.
Ethnic groups: Mestizo majority, European descent, African descent, Indigenous peoples.
Religions: Christianity (mainly Roman Catholic), Protestant communities.
Literacy rate: ~97%.
Major cities: Caracas, Maracaibo, Valencia, Barquisimeto, Maracay.

Home to Indigenous peoples including the Carib, Arawak, and Timoto-Cuica civilizations.
Colonized by Spain in the 16th century.
Declared independence on 5 July 1811, led by Simón Bolívar.
Became part of Gran Colombia before separating in 1830.
20th century saw oil discovery, economic booms, and political transformations.
Recent history includes economic crisis, political polarization, and migration waves.

Government type: Federal presidential republic.
Executive: President as head of state and government.
Legislature: unicameral National Assembly.
Judiciary: Supreme Tribunal of Justice.
Administrative divisions: 23 states, 1 capital district, federal dependencies.
Political themes: economic stabilization, governance reform, oil dependence, humanitarian issues.

Economy heavily dependent on petroleum exports—one of the world’s largest proven oil reserves.
Major industries: oil and gas, mining (gold, diamonds), agriculture, manufacturing, petrochemicals.
Main exports: crude oil, refined petroleum, minerals, chemicals.
Main imports: food, machinery, vehicles, medicine.
Strengths: vast natural resources, fertile land, biodiversity.
Weaknesses: inflation, currency instability, infrastructure decline, economic sanctions.
GDP sectors: Services (~50%), Industry (~40%), Agriculture (~10%).
Venezuela was historically one of Latin America’s wealthiest nations due to oil.

Culture blends Indigenous, African, and Spanish influences.
Major festivals: Carnival, Feria de la Chinita, Christmas traditions.
Traditional dress includes liqui liqui for men and colorful folkloric dresses for women.
Music styles: joropo, salsa, gaita, merengue, reggaeton.
Languages: Spanish (widely spoken), Indigenous languages in rural communities.

National dish: Arepa — cornmeal patty filled with meat, cheese, beans, or vegetables.
Popular dishes: Pabellón Criollo, Cachapas, Hallacas, Asado Negro.
Street foods: empanadas, tequeños, mandocas.
Beverages: papelón con limón, chicha, rum (notably Ron Diplomático and Santa Teresa).
Iconic flavors include corn, plantains, beef, black beans, and tropical fruits.

Medium of instruction: Spanish.
Literacy rate: ~97%.
Top universities: Central University of Venezuela, Simón Bolívar University, University of the Andes.
Key fields: engineering, petroleum studies, medicine, humanities.

Top destinations: Angel Falls, Canaima National Park, Los Roques, Mérida, Morrocoy.
UNESCO sites: Canaima National Park.
Natural attractions: tepui plateaus, Caribbean beaches, Andean mountains, Orinoco Delta.
Historical landmarks: Ciudad Bolívar, Colonia Tovar, Caracas’ historic center.
Adventure tourism: hiking, paragliding, diving, jungle exploration.
Visa: varies by nationality.
Transportation: buses, taxis, domestic flights, ferries to Caribbean islands.

Most popular sport: baseball (followed by football).
Famous athletes: Miguel Cabrera, José Altuve, Félix Hernández.
Entertainment icons: Gustavo Dudamel, Simón Díaz, Maite Perroni (Venezuelan roots), Edgar Ramírez.
Writers: Rómulo Gallegos, Teresa de la Parra.
Venezuela has produced several Miss Universe and Miss World winners.