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Official Name	Republic of Guatemala
Common Name	Guatemala
ISO Codes	GT, GTM, 320
Internet TLD	.gt
Calling Code	+502
Capital City	Guatemala City
Largest City	Guatemala City
Coordinates	14.6° N, 90.5° W
Time Zone	UTC−6
Population (2025 est.)	~18.5 million
Area	108,889 km²
Population Density	~170 per km²
Languages	Spanish (official); 24 recognized indigenous languages including K’iche’, Q’eqchi’, and Mam
Currency	Guatemalan Quetzal (GTQ)
Driving Side	Right
GDP (Nominal)	~USD 110 billion
GDP (PPP)	~USD 220 billion
GDP Per Capita	~USD 6,000 (PPP ~12,000)
GDP Growth	~3–4%
HDI	0.663 (Medium)
Literacy Rate	~83%
Life Expectancy	~74 years
Unemployment	~3%
Inflation	~4–5%
Leaders	President; Vice President
Continent & Subregion	North America — Central America
National Day	September 15 (Independence Day)
National Sport	Football (Soccer)
National Dish	Peppian
National Anthem	Himno Nacional de Guatemala

Guatemala is located in Central America, bordered by Mexico, Belize, Honduras, and El Salvador.
It has coastlines on both the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea.
Major features: volcanic mountain ranges, highland plateaus, rainforests, Lake Atitlán, and the Petén Basin.
Climate varies from tropical in lowlands to temperate in highlands.
Best time to visit: November–April (dry season).
National parks: Tikal National Park, Sierra de las Minas Biosphere Reserve, Laguna del Tigre.
Biodiversity: jaguars, tapirs, quetzals, toucans, howler monkeys.
Environmental challenges: deforestation, earthquakes, volcano activity, hurricanes.

Home to the ancient Maya civilization, one of the most advanced pre-Columbian cultures.
Conquered by Spain in the 16th century.
Became part of the Captaincy General of Guatemala.
Gained independence on September 15, 1821 along with most of Central America.
Experienced civil war from 1960 to 1996, ending with peace accords.
Modern era marked by democratization and economic reforms.

Largest economy in Central America.
Major industries: agriculture, manufacturing, mining, textiles, tourism, remittances.
Main exports: coffee, sugar, bananas, cardamom, textiles, vegetables.
Main imports: fuel, machinery, chemicals, consumer goods.
Strengths: young workforce, strong agriculture, growing industrial sector.
Weaknesses: poverty, inequality, reliance on remittances, vulnerability to disasters.
GDP sectors: Services (~60%), Industry (~25%), Agriculture (~15%).

Rich blend of Maya heritage and Spanish colonial influence.
Strong indigenous cultural presence, especially in textiles and traditions.
Key festivals: Semana Santa (Easter Week), Independence Day, Day of the Dead.
Traditional clothing includes colorful Mayan huipiles and woven garments.
Arts: marimba music, traditional weaving, stone carving, Maya architecture.
Languages: Spanish plus many Mayan languages such as K’iche’, Q’eqchi’, and Kaqchikel.

National dish: Peppian — rich stew with meat, chilies, and spices.
Other iconic dishes: Kak’ik (turkey soup), Tamales, Hilachas, Jocon.
Street foods: tostadas, rellenitos, chuchitos, elotes.
Beverages: atol, hot chocolate, coffee (world-famous), horchata.

Medium of instruction: Spanish; bilingual education for indigenous communities.
Literacy rate: ~83%.
Top universities: Universidad de San Carlos, Universidad del Valle, Universidad Rafael Landívar.
Key fields: agriculture, business, engineering, anthropology.

Top destinations: Tikal, Antigua Guatemala, Lake Atitlán, Semuc Champey, Chichicastenango.
UNESCO sites: Antigua Guatemala, Tikal National Park, Quiriguá.
Natural attractions: volcanoes (Acatenango, Pacaya), hot springs, cloud forests.
Adventure tourism: hiking, volcano climbing, rafting, ziplining.
Visa: many nationalities are visa-free; others require prior approval.
Transportation: buses, shuttles, domestic flights, tuk-tuks in towns.

Guatemala shares land borders with the following countries: