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Egypt
🏙️ Capital city:
Cairo
📈 Country population:
113 million
🗺️ Country area:
1,010,408 km²
Core Facts / Infobox
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| Official Name | Arab Republic of Egypt |
| Common Name | Egypt |
| Political Status | Sovereign unitary semi-presidential republic |
| ISO Codes | EG, EGY, 818 |
| Internet TLD | .eg |
| Calling Code | +20 |
| Capital City | Cairo |
| Largest City | Cairo |
| Coordinates | 30.04° N, 31.24° E |
| Time Zone | UTC+2 (Eastern European Time) |
| Population (2025 est.) | ~113 million |
| Area | 1,010,408 km² |
| Population Density | ~112 per km² |
| Languages | Arabic (official), Egyptian Arabic widely spoken |
| Currency | Egyptian Pound (EGP) |
| Driving Side | Right |
| GDP (Nominal) | ~USD 430 billion |
| GDP Per Capita | ~USD 3,800 |
| HDI | Medium |
| Life Expectancy | ~71 years |
| Continent & Subregion | Africa — North Africa (with territory in Western Asia) |
| National Day | Revolution Day (23 July) |
| National Anthem | Bilady, Bilady, Bilady |
Geography & Environment
- Transcontinental country linking Africa and Asia via the Sinai Peninsula.
- Dominated by the Sahara Desert, with population concentrated along the Nile River.
- Borders Libya, Sudan, Israel, and the Gaza Strip.
- Coastlines on the Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea.
- Climate: arid desert with hot summers and mild winters.
Demographics
- Population: ~113 million (most populous Arab country).
- Highly urbanized along the Nile Delta and Valley.
- Major cities: Cairo, Alexandria, Giza, Shubra El-Kheima.
- Religions: Islam (Sunni majority), Christianity (mainly Coptic Orthodox).
History
- One of the world’s oldest civilizations (Ancient Egypt).
- Ruled by pharaohs, Greeks, Romans, Arabs, Ottomans.
- British influence in the 19th–20th centuries.
- Became a republic in 1953.
- Key regional political and cultural center.
Government & Politics
- Political system: Semi-presidential republic.
- Head of State: President.
- Head of Government: Prime Minister.
- Legislature: bicameral Parliament.
- Administrative divisions: governorates.
Economy
- Lower-middle-income, diversified economy.
- Key sectors: services, industry, agriculture.
- Main exports: petroleum products, natural gas, chemicals, textiles.
- Major revenue sources: Suez Canal, tourism, remittances.
- Strengths: strategic location, large labor force.
- Weaknesses: inflation, public debt, unemployment.
Culture & Society
- Influential Arab cultural hub (film, music, literature).
- Blend of ancient, Islamic, and modern traditions.
- Arabic language and heritage central to identity.
Food & Cuisine
- Traditional dishes: koshari, ful medames, molokhia.
- Staples include bread, legumes, rice, and vegetables.
Education & Institutions
- One of the oldest universities in the world: Al-Azhar University.
- Large public education system.
- Growing private and international universities.
Tourism
- One of the world’s top historical tourism destinations.
- Top attractions: Pyramids of Giza, Luxor, Aswan, Red Sea resorts.
- UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Practical Information
- Emergency number: 122 (police), 123 (ambulance).
- Plug type: C/F; Voltage: 220V.
- Developing but extensive transport network.
Sports, Entertainment & Notable People
- Popular sports: football, squash.
- One of Africa’s strongest football nations.
- Notable figures: Mohamed Salah, Naguib Mahfouz.
Neighboring Countries of Egypt
Egypt is located in the northeastern corner of Africa and borders four territories: Gaza Strip to the northeast, Israel to the northeast, Libya to the west, and Sudan to the south.
Famous For
- Ancient pyramids and pharaonic civilization.
- Nile River.
- Suez Canal.
- Arab cinema and music industry.
Sources
- World Bank
- United Nations (UN Data)
- IMF
- CIA World Factbook
- Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS)