Core Facts / Infobox

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Official Name	Kingdom of Spain
Common Name	Spain
Political Status	Sovereign unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy
ISO Codes	ES, ESP, 724
Internet TLD	.es
Calling Code	+34
Capital City	Madrid
Largest City	Madrid
Coordinates	40.42° N, 3.70° W
Time Zone	UTC+1 (CET), UTC+2 (CEST)
Population (2025 est.)	~48 million
Area	505,990 km²
Population Density	~95 per km²
Languages	Spanish (Castilian, official); Catalan, Galician, Basque (regional)
Currency	Euro (EUR)
Driving Side	Right
GDP (Nominal)	~USD 1.6 trillion
GDP Per Capita	~USD 34,000
HDI	Very High
Life Expectancy	~83 years
Continent & Subregion	Europe — Southern Europe (Iberian Peninsula)
National Day	National Day of Spain (12 October)
National Anthem	Marcha Real

Geography & Environment

• Located on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe.
• Borders France, Portugal, Andorra, and Gibraltar.
• Includes the Balearic Islands, Canary Islands, and autonomous cities in North Africa.
• Terrain dominated by the Meseta Central plateau and mountain ranges.
• Major rivers: Ebro, Tagus, Guadalquivir.
• Climate ranges from Mediterranean to oceanic and semi-arid.

Demographics

• Population: ~48 million.
• Highly urbanized society.
• Major cities: Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, Zaragoza.
• Ethnically diverse with significant immigrant population.
• Religions: Christianity (mainly Catholic), unaffiliated, others.

History

• Ancient Iberian, Roman, and Visigothic roots.
• Centuries of Islamic rule influenced culture and architecture.
• Unified in 1492 following the Reconquista.
• Built one of the world’s largest empires during the Age of Exploration.
• Transitioned to democracy after 1975.

Government & Politics

• Political system: Parliamentary constitutional monarchy.
• Head of State: King of Spain.
• Head of Government: Prime Minister.
• Legislature: bicameral Cortes Generales.
• Administrative divisions: autonomous communities and provinces.

Economy

• Advanced high-income economy.
• Key sectors: services, tourism, manufacturing, agriculture.
• One of the world’s leading tourist destinations.
• Main exports: vehicles, machinery, food products, chemicals.
• Strengths: tourism, infrastructure, renewable energy.
• Weaknesses: unemployment volatility, public debt.

Culture & Society

• Rich cultural heritage with strong regional identities.
• Global influence in art, architecture, and literature.
• Famous figures: Pablo Picasso, Miguel de Cervantes, Salvador Dalí.
• Renowned festivals and traditions.

Food & Cuisine

• Iconic dishes: paella, tapas, jamón ibérico.
• Strong Mediterranean diet tradition.
• Regional diversity in cuisine.
• Wine and olive oil central to Spanish gastronomy.

Education & Institutions

• Public education system with autonomous regional administration.
• Historic universities such as Salamanca.
• Strong participation in EU research and education programs.

Tourism

• Among the world’s top tourist destinations.
• Attractions: Barcelona architecture, Andalusian cities, beaches.
• Cultural, beach, and rural tourism well developed.
• Extensive high-speed rail network.

Practical Information

• Emergency number: 112.
• Plug type: C/F; Voltage: 230V.
• Modern transportation infrastructure.

Sports, Entertainment & Notable People

• Popular sports: football, basketball, tennis.
• Multiple UEFA and FIFA football titles.
• Notable figures: Rafael Nadal, Penélope Cruz, King Felipe VI.

Famous For

• Historic global empire.
• Vibrant regional cultures.
• World-class cuisine and festivals.
• Beaches and Mediterranean lifestyle.

Sources

• World Bank
• United Nations (UN Data)
• IMF
• CIA World Factbook
• INE (Spain)