Core Facts / Infobox

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Official Name	Republic of Rwanda
Common Name	Rwanda
Political Status	Sovereign unitary presidential republic
ISO Codes	RW, RWA, 646
Internet TLD	.rw
Calling Code	+250
Capital City	Kigali
Largest City	Kigali
Coordinates	1.94° S, 29.87° E
Time Zone	UTC+2 (Central Africa Time)
Population (2025 est.)	~14 million
Area	26,338 km²
Population Density	~530 per km²
Languages	Kinyarwanda (official), English, French, Swahili
Currency	Rwandan Franc (RWF)
Driving Side	Right
GDP (Nominal)	~USD 15 billion
GDP Per Capita	~USD 1,100
HDI	Medium
Life Expectancy	~69 years
Continent & Subregion	Africa — East Africa (Great Lakes)
National Day	Independence Day (1 July)
National Anthem	Rwanda Nziza

Geography & Environment

• Landlocked country in East-Central Africa.
• Known as the “Land of a Thousand Hills”.
• Borders Uganda, Tanzania, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
• Mountainous terrain with lakes, forests, and volcanoes.
• Climate: temperate tropical highland with two rainy seasons.

Demographics

• Population: ~14 million.
• Highly dense and predominantly rural population.
• Major cities: Kigali, Butare (Huye), Musanze, Rubavu.
• Religions: Christianity (majority), traditional beliefs, Islam.

History

• Pre-colonial centralized kingdom.
• Colonized by Germany, then Belgium.
• Gained independence in 1962.
• 1994 genocide against the Tutsi.
• Post-genocide period marked by reconciliation and development.

Government & Politics

• Political system: Presidential republic.
• Head of State & Government: President.
• Legislature: bicameral Parliament.
• Administrative divisions: provinces and districts.

Economy

• Low-income but fast-growing economy.
• Key sectors: services, agriculture, tourism, ICT.
• Main exports: coffee, tea, minerals.
• Strengths: governance reforms, stability.
• Weaknesses: land scarcity, external dependence.

Culture & Society

• Strong emphasis on unity and national identity.
• Traditional dances and oral history remain important.
• Community service (Umuganda) practiced nationwide.

Food & Cuisine

• Staple foods: bananas, beans, maize, cassava.
• Traditional dishes: isombe, ugali, brochettes.
• Simple cuisine focused on local produce.

Education & Institutions

• Strong focus on education and technology.
• Major institutions: University of Rwanda.

Tourism

• Leading eco-tourism destination in Africa.
• Top attractions: Volcanoes National Park, gorilla trekking, Lake Kivu.
• Well-developed conference and business tourism.

Practical Information

• Emergency number: 112.
• Plug type: C/J; Voltage: 230V.
• Clean, safe, and well-organized urban infrastructure.

Sports, Entertainment & Notable People

• Popular sports: football, cycling.
• International cycling events hosted annually.
• Notable figures: Paul Kagame, Louise Mushikiwabo.

Famous For

• Mountain gorilla conservation.
• Post-conflict recovery and governance.
• Clean cities and environmental policies.
• “Land of a Thousand Hills”.

Sources

• World Bank
• United Nations (UN Data)
• IMF
• CIA World Factbook
• National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda