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Latvia
🏙️ Capital city:
Riga
📈 Country population:
1.9 million
🗺️ Country area:
64,589 km²
Core Facts / Infobox
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| Official Name | Republic of Latvia |
| Common Name | Latvia |
| Political Status | Sovereign unitary parliamentary republic |
| ISO Codes | LV, LVA, 428 |
| Internet TLD | .lv |
| Calling Code | +371 |
| Capital City | Riga |
| Largest City | Riga |
| Coordinates | 56.95° N, 24.11° E |
| Time Zone | UTC+2 (EET), UTC+3 (EEST) |
| Population (2025 est.) | ~1.9 million |
| Area | 64,589 km² |
| Population Density | ~29 per km² |
| Languages | Latvian (official) |
| Currency | Euro (EUR) |
| Driving Side | Right |
| GDP (Nominal) | ~USD 45 billion |
| GDP Per Capita | ~USD 24,000 |
| HDI | Very High |
| Life Expectancy | ~75 years |
| Continent & Subregion | Europe — Northern Europe (Baltic States) |
| National Day | Independence Day (18 November) |
| National Anthem | Dievs, svētī Latviju! |
Geography & Environment
- Located in Northern Europe along the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea.
- Borders Estonia, Lithuania, Russia, and Belarus.
- Characterized by flat lowlands, forests, rivers, and lakes.
- Major rivers: Daugava, Gauja, Venta.
- Climate: humid continental with cold winters and mild summers.
Demographics
- Population: ~1.9 million.
- Urban population concentrated in Riga.
- Major cities: Riga, Daugavpils, Liepāja, Jelgava, Jūrmala.
- Ethnic groups: Latvians (majority), Russians, Belarusians, Ukrainians.
- Religions: Lutheranism, Roman Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy.
History
- Historic Baltic tribes inhabited the region.
- Part of various states including the Livonian Confederation and Russian Empire.
- First independence declared in 1918.
- Occupied by the Soviet Union during World War II.
- Restored independence in 1991.
- Member of the European Union and NATO since 2004.
Government & Politics
- Political system: Parliamentary republic.
- Head of State: President of Latvia.
- Head of Government: Prime Minister.
- Legislature: unicameral Saeima.
- Administrative divisions: municipalities.
Economy
- High-income, open economy.
- Key sectors: services, logistics, manufacturing, IT.
- Main exports: wood products, machinery, food products.
- Strengths: strategic location, EU integration.
- Weaknesses: population decline, labor shortages.
Culture & Society
- Strong Baltic cultural identity and language preservation.
- Renowned choral singing and Song and Dance Festival.
- Famous figures: Rainis, Mikhail Baryshnikov.
Food & Cuisine
- Traditional dishes: grey peas with bacon, rupjmaize, piragi.
- Cuisine based on grains, pork, dairy, and fish.
Education & Institutions
- High literacy rate.
- Major universities in Riga.
- Strong focus on digital skills and innovation.
Tourism
- Cultural and city tourism centered on Riga.
- Top attractions: Riga Old Town (UNESCO), Jūrmala beaches, Gauja National Park.
- Growing nature and heritage tourism.
Practical Information
- Emergency number: 112.
- Plug type: C/F; Voltage: 230V.
- Well-developed transport and digital infrastructure.
Sports, Entertainment & Notable People
- Popular sports: ice hockey, basketball.
- Strong international presence in ice hockey.
- Notable figures: Kristaps Porziņģis, Sandis Ozoliņš.
Neighboring Countries of Latvia
Latvia shares land borders with Belarus 141 km, Estonia 339 km, Lithuania 453 km, and Russia 217 km.
Famous For
- Riga’s Art Nouveau architecture.
- Song and Dance Festival tradition.
- Forests and national parks.
- Baltic cultural heritage.
Sources
- World Bank
- United Nations (UN Data)
- IMF
- CIA World Factbook
- Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia