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Iceland
🏙️ Capital city:
Reykjavík
📈 Country population:
390,000
🗺️ Country area:
103,000 km²
Core Facts / Infobox
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| Official Name | Republic of Iceland |
| Common Name | Iceland |
| Political Status | Sovereign unitary parliamentary republic |
| ISO Codes | IS, ISL, 352 |
| Internet TLD | .is |
| Calling Code | +354 |
| Capital City | Reykjavík |
| Largest City | Reykjavík |
| Coordinates | 64.15° N, 21.94° W |
| Time Zone | UTC±0 (no daylight saving) |
| Population (2025 est.) | ~390,000 |
| Area | 103,000 km² |
| Population Density | ~4 per km² |
| Languages | Icelandic (official) |
| Currency | Icelandic Króna (ISK) |
| Driving Side | Right |
| GDP (Nominal) | ~USD 30 billion |
| GDP Per Capita | ~USD 75,000 |
| HDI | Very High |
| Life Expectancy | ~83 years |
| Continent & Subregion | Europe — Northern Europe (Nordic) |
| National Day | National Day (17 June) |
| National Anthem | Lofsöngur |
Geography & Environment
- Island nation in the North Atlantic Ocean, near the Arctic Circle.
- Located between Greenland and mainland Europe.
- Highly volcanic and geothermally active.
- Features glaciers, volcanoes, geysers, lava fields, and waterfalls.
- Climate: subpolar oceanic with cool summers and mild winters.
Demographics
- Population: ~390,000.
- Highly urbanized, with most residents in the southwest.
- Major cities: Reykjavík, Kópavogur, Hafnarfjörður, Akureyri.
- Ethnic composition: predominantly Icelandic with growing immigrant population.
- Religion: Evangelical Lutheran Christianity (majority), others and unaffiliated.
History
- Settled by Norse explorers in the late 9th century.
- One of the world’s oldest parliaments (Althing, founded 930).
- Ruled by Norway and later Denmark.
- Became a republic in 1944.
- Rapid modernization in the 20th century.
Government & Politics
- Political system: Parliamentary republic.
- Head of State: President of Iceland.
- Head of Government: Prime Minister.
- Legislature: unicameral Althing.
- Administrative divisions: regions and municipalities.
Economy
- High-income, small open economy.
- Key sectors: fishing, tourism, renewable energy, aluminum smelting.
- Nearly 100% renewable electricity (hydro & geothermal).
- Main exports: fish products, aluminum, tourism services.
- Strengths: clean energy, high human development.
- Weaknesses: small market, exposure to natural hazards.
Culture & Society
- Strong literary and storytelling traditions.
- Unique language preserved since medieval times.
- High social trust and gender equality.
- Famous figures: Halldór Laxness, Björk.
Food & Cuisine
- Traditional dishes: skyr, lamb stew, plokkfiskur.
- Cuisine centered on seafood, lamb, and dairy.
- Modern Nordic food scene.
Education & Institutions
- High literacy and education levels.
- Free public education including universities.
- Main institutions: University of Iceland, Reykjavik University.
Tourism
- Major tourism destination for nature and adventure travel.
- Top attractions: Golden Circle, Blue Lagoon, glaciers, volcanoes.
- Popular for Northern Lights viewing.
Practical Information
- Emergency number: 112.
- Plug type: C/F; Voltage: 230V.
- Highly developed digital and public infrastructure.
Sports, Entertainment & Notable People
- Popular sports: football, handball, strength athletics.
- International success in handball.
- Notable figures: Magnús Ver Magnússon, Eiður Guðjohnsen.
Neighboring Countries of Iceland
Iceland does not share any land borders. Its maritime neighbours include Greenland to the west and Faroe Islands to the southeast.
Famous For
- Volcanoes, geysers, and glaciers.
- Renewable energy leadership.
- Nordic culture and literature.
- One of the world’s safest countries.
Sources
- World Bank
- United Nations (UN Data)
- IMF
- CIA World Factbook
- Statistics Iceland