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Greece
🏙️ Capital city:
Athens
📈 Country population:
10.3 million
🗺️ Country area:
131,957 km²
Core Facts / Infobox
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| Official Name | Hellenic Republic |
| Common Name | Greece |
| Political Status | Sovereign unitary parliamentary republic |
| ISO Codes | GR, GRC, 300 |
| Internet TLD | .gr |
| Calling Code | +30 |
| Capital City | Athens |
| Largest City | Athens |
| Coordinates | 37.98° N, 23.72° E |
| Time Zone | UTC+2 (EET), UTC+3 (EEST) |
| Population (2025 est.) | ~10.3 million |
| Area | 131,957 km² |
| Population Density | ~78 per km² |
| Languages | Greek (official) |
| Currency | Euro (EUR) |
| Driving Side | Right |
| GDP (Nominal) | ~USD 240 billion |
| GDP Per Capita | ~USD 23,000 |
| HDI | Very High |
| Life Expectancy | ~82 years |
| Continent & Subregion | Europe — Southern Europe (Balkans) |
| National Day | Independence Day (25 March) |
| National Anthem | Hymn to Liberty |
Geography & Environment
- Located in Southeastern Europe with extensive coastline on the Aegean, Ionian, and Mediterranean seas.
- Composed of a mountainous mainland and over 6,000 islands and islets.
- Major mountain range: Pindus; highest peak: Mount Olympus.
- Climate: Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters.
- Seismically active region.
Demographics
- Population: ~10.3 million.
- Highly urbanized with strong concentration in Athens and Thessaloniki.
- Major cities: Athens, Thessaloniki, Patras, Heraklion.
- Ethnic composition: predominantly ethnic Greek.
- Religion: Greek Orthodox Christianity (majority).
History
- Birthplace of Western civilization and democracy.
- Ancient Greece shaped philosophy, science, and arts.
- Part of the Roman and Byzantine Empires.
- Centuries under Ottoman rule.
- Modern Greek state established in 1830.
- Member of the European Union since 1981.
Government & Politics
- Political system: Parliamentary republic.
- Head of State: President of the Hellenic Republic.
- Head of Government: Prime Minister.
- Legislature: unicameral Hellenic Parliament.
- Administrative divisions: regions and regional units.
Economy
- High-income economy within the European Union.
- Key sectors: tourism, shipping, services, agriculture.
- One of the world’s largest shipping fleets.
- Main exports: refined petroleum, food products, chemicals.
- Strengths: tourism, maritime sector.
- Weaknesses: public debt, demographic aging.
Culture & Society
- Global cultural influence in philosophy, arts, and politics.
- Strong traditions in music, dance, and theatre.
- Famous figures: Socrates, Aristotle, Alexander the Great.
Food & Cuisine
- Traditional dishes: moussaka, souvlaki, tzatziki.
- Mediterranean diet rich in olive oil, vegetables, and seafood.
- Strong wine and olive oil culture.
Education & Institutions
- Public education system with free higher education.
- Historic universities in Athens and Thessaloniki.
- Strong emphasis on humanities and sciences.
Tourism
- One of Europe’s top tourist destinations.
- Attractions: Acropolis, Santorini, Delphi, Crete.
- Tourism spans culture, islands, beaches, and history.
Practical Information
- Emergency number: 112.
- Plug type: C/F; Voltage: 230V.
- Ferry networks connect islands to the mainland.
Sports, Entertainment & Notable People
- Popular sports: football, basketball.
- Strong international presence in basketball.
- Notable figures: Giannis Antetokounmpo, Maria Callas.
Neighboring Countries of Greece
Greece is located in Southeastern Europe and borders four countries:
Albania 282 km,
Bulgaria 494 km,
Turkey 206 km, and
North Macedonia 246 km.
Famous For
- Ancient history and archaeological sites.
- Greek islands and Mediterranean lifestyle.
- Foundations of Western philosophy and democracy.
- Maritime tradition and shipping.
Sources
- World Bank
- United Nations (UN Data)
- IMF
- CIA World Factbook
- Hellenic Statistical Authority (ELSTAT)