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Ethiopia
🏙️ Capital city:
Addis Abada
📈 Country population:
126 million
🗺️ Country area:
1,104,300 km²
Core Facts / Infobox
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| Official Name | Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia |
| Common Name | Ethiopia |
| Political Status | Sovereign federal parliamentary republic |
| ISO Codes | ET, ETH, 231 |
| Internet TLD | .et |
| Calling Code | +251 |
| Capital City | Addis Ababa |
| Largest City | Addis Ababa |
| Coordinates | 9.03° N, 38.74° E |
| Time Zone | UTC+3 (East Africa Time) |
| Population (2025 est.) | ~126 million |
| Area | 1,104,300 km² |
| Population Density | ~114 per km² |
| Languages | Amharic (federal working language), Oromo, Tigrinya, Somali, others |
| Currency | Ethiopian Birr (ETB) |
| Driving Side | Right |
| GDP (Nominal) | ~USD 170 billion |
| GDP Per Capita | ~USD 1,300 |
| HDI | Low |
| Life Expectancy | ~67 years |
| Continent & Subregion | Africa — East Africa (Horn of Africa) |
| National Day | National Day (28 May) |
| National Anthem | Wodefit Gesgeshi, Widd Innat Ityopp’ya |
Geography & Environment
- Landlocked country in the Horn of Africa.
- Borders Eritrea, Djibouti, Somalia, Kenya, South Sudan, and Sudan.
- Dominated by the Ethiopian Highlands and the Great Rift Valley.
- Source of the Blue Nile River.
- Climate varies from highland temperate to lowland arid.
Demographics
- Population: ~126 million (Africa’s second most populous country).
- Highly diverse with more than 80 ethnic groups.
- Major cities: Addis Ababa, Dire Dawa, Mekelle, Hawassa.
- Religions: Christianity (Orthodox, Protestant), Islam, traditional beliefs.
History
- One of the world’s oldest civilizations.
- Ancient Kingdom of Aksum was a major trading power.
- Only African country to largely resist European colonization.
- Brief Italian occupation (1936–1941).
- Became a federal republic in 1995.
Government & Politics
- Political system: Federal parliamentary republic.
- Head of State: President.
- Head of Government: Prime Minister.
- Legislature: bicameral Federal Parliamentary Assembly.
- Administrative divisions: ethnically based regional states.
Economy
- Lower-middle-income developing economy.
- Key sectors: agriculture, services, manufacturing.
- Main exports: coffee, oilseeds, gold, flowers.
- Strengths: large population, infrastructure growth.
- Weaknesses: poverty, inflation, external debt.
Culture & Society
- Distinct alphasyllabary (Geʽez script).
- Strong traditions in music, dance, and oral history.
- Unique calendar and timekeeping system.
Food & Cuisine
- Traditional dishes: injera, doro wat, kitfo.
- Cuisine characterized by spicy stews and communal eating.
- Coffee originated in Ethiopia; strong coffee culture.
Education & Institutions
- Rapid expansion of universities and higher education.
- Major institutions: Addis Ababa University.
- Ongoing efforts to improve literacy and access.
Tourism
- Rich cultural and historical tourism potential.
- Top attractions: Lalibela rock-hewn churches, Aksum, Simien Mountains.
- UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Practical Information
- Emergency number: 991.
- Plug type: C/F; Voltage: 220V.
- Developing transport and telecom infrastructure.
Sports, Entertainment & Notable People
- Popular sports: athletics, football.
- World-renowned long-distance runners.
- Notable figures: Haile Gebrselassie, Abebe Bikila.
Neighboring Countries of Ethiopia
Ethiopia is located in the Horn of Africa and borders six countries: Djibouti to the northeast, Eritrea to the north, Kenya to the south, Somalia to the east, South Sudan to the west, and Sudan to the northwest.
Famous For
- Origin of coffee.
- Ancient Christian heritage.
- Rock-hewn churches of Lalibela.
- Long-distance running champions.
Sources
- World Bank
- United Nations (UN Data)
- IMF
- CIA World Factbook
- Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia