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Official Name	Republic of Azerbaijan
Common Name	Azerbaijan
ISO Codes	AZ, AZE, 031
Internet TLD	.az
Calling Code	+994
Capital City	Baku
Largest City	Baku
Coordinates	40° N, 47° E
Time Zone	UTC+4
Population (2025 est.)	~10.5 million
Area	86,600 km²
Population Density	~120 per km²
Languages	Azerbaijani (Azeri)
Currency	Azerbaijani Manat (AZN)
Driving Side	Right
GDP (Nominal)	~USD 80+ billion
GDP (PPP)	~USD 170+ billion
GDP Per Capita	~USD 7,500+
GDP Growth	~2–3%
HDI	0.766 (High)
Literacy Rate	~99%
Life Expectancy	~74 years
Unemployment	~5–6%
Inflation	~6–8%
Leaders	President & Prime Minister (names omitted for longevity)
Continent & Subregion	Asia — Caucasus
National Day	28 May (Republic Day)
National Sport	Chovqan (horse sport)
National Dish	Plov
National Anthem	Azerbaijan March

Azerbaijan is located in the South Caucasus, bordered by Russia, Georgia, Armenia, Iran, and the Caspian Sea.
Geography includes mountains (Greater and Lesser Caucasus), lowlands, forests, and semi-deserts.
Mount Bazardüzü is the highest peak.
Major rivers: Kura, Aras.
Climate: varies from subtropical to continental depending on region.
Best time to visit: April–June and September–October.
National parks: Shirvan, Gobustan, Shahdag, Goygol.
Wildlife includes leopards, gazelles, bears, eagles, and Caspian marine species.
Environmental challenges: pollution around the Caspian Sea, deforestation, soil degradation.
Unique features: mud volcanoes, Caspian Sea coast, Gobustan rock carvings.

Total population: ~10.5 million.
Median age: ~32 years.
Urban vs rural: ~56% urban, ~44% rural.
Ethnic groups: Azerbaijani (majority), Lezgins, Talysh, Russians, Armenians (limited areas).
Religions: Islam (majority Shia), Sunni minority, small Christian communities.
Literacy rate: ~99%.
Major cities: Baku, Ganja, Sumqayit, Mingachevir, Shaki.

Azerbaijan’s history includes the Caucasian Albanian kingdom and Persian, Arab, Mongol, and Turkic rule.
It became a significant region in the Safavid Empire.
Later part of the Russian Empire in the 19th century.
The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic was founded in 1918 — the first secular democratic republic in the Muslim world.
Soviet period lasted from 1920 to 1991.
Independence was restored on 18 October 1991.
Recent history includes the Nagorno-Karabakh conflicts and rapid economic development.

Government type: Unitary semi-presidential republic.
Executive: President and Prime Minister.
Legislature: unicameral National Assembly.
Judiciary: Constitutional Court, Supreme Court, and district courts.
Administrative divisions: 66 districts and 11 cities.
Political priorities: economic diversification, regional stability, energy partnerships.

Azerbaijan has a resource-rich economy dominated by oil and gas.
Major industries: petroleum, natural gas, petrochemicals, metallurgy, agriculture, tourism.
Main exports: crude oil, natural gas, oil products, cotton, fruits, metals.
Main imports: machinery, vehicles, food products, electronics, chemicals.
Strengths: rich energy reserves, strategic trade location, growing infrastructure.
Weaknesses: reliance on oil prices, limited diversification.
GDP sectors: Services (~50%), Industry (~40%), Agriculture (~10%).
The Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline is a key economic asset.

Azerbaijani culture is influenced by Turkic, Persian, Caucasian, and Islamic traditions.
Values emphasize hospitality, family, and cultural heritage.
Major festivals: Novruz, Republic Day, Ramadan, Eid al-Adha.
Traditional dress: colorful embroidered garments and silk scarves.
Arts: mugham music, carpet weaving, miniature art, literature.
Languages: Azerbaijani (Azeri), minority languages.

National dish: Plov — saffron rice with meats, vegetables, dried fruits.
Iconic dishes: Kebabs, Dolma, Dushbara, Qutab.
Street foods: shawarma, qutab, pastries.
Desserts: pakhlava, shekerbura, halva.
Beverages: black tea, sherbet drinks.
Cuisine is rich, aromatic, and heavily influenced by Middle Eastern and Turkic flavors.

Azerbaijan maintains a strong education system with high literacy.
Medium of instruction: Azerbaijani; Russian and English in many institutions.
Top universities: Baku State University, ADA University, Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University.
Strong fields: petroleum engineering, business, IT, medicine.

Top destinations: Baku Flame Towers, Icherisheher (Old City), Shahdag, Gabala, Sheki Khan’s Palace.
UNESCO sites: Gobustan Rock Art, Icherisheher.
Natural attractions: Caspian Sea coast, Greater Caucasus mountains, mud volcanoes.
Historical landmarks: Maiden Tower, Palace of the Shirvanshahs, Silk Road sites.
Adventure tourism: skiing, hiking, paragliding, off-road desert tours.
Visa: e-visa available for many nationalities.
Transportation: modern highways, railways, airports, Baku Metro.

National sport: Chovqan.
Popular sports: football, wrestling, judo, chess, gymnastics, boxing.
Famous athletes: Garry Kasparov (chess heritage), Rovshan Bayramov (wrestling).
Cultural icons: Uzeyir Hajibeyov (composer), Nizami Ganjavi (poet), Alim Qasimov (musician).

Azerbaijan shares land borders with the following countries: